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Pregnancy Associated Plasma Protein A2 (PAPP-A2) is a pregnancy related insulin-like growth factor binding protein-5 (IGFBP-5) protease, known to be elevated in preeclampsia. As the insulin-like growth factors are important in human implantation and placentation, we sought to determine the expression pattern of PAPP-A2 over human gestation in normal and preeclamptic pregnancies to evaluate its role...
The stroke prone spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHRSP) is an established model of human cardiovascular risk. We sought to characterise the uteroplacental vascular response to pregnancy in this model and determine whether this is affected by the pre-existing maternal hypertension.Doppler ultrasound and myography were utilised to assess uterine artery functional and structural changes pre-pregnancy...
Congenital infection with human cytomegalovirus (CMV) through the placenta is one of the major causes of birth and developmental abnormalities. Guinea pig CMV (GPCMV) causes in utero infection, which makes its animal models useful for studies on congenital diseases. Here, we established an ex vivo culture method for tissue slices prepared from guinea pig placentas and demonstrated that viral spread...
Emil Selenka made important contributions to embryology in marsupials, rodents and primates that deserve wider recognition. Here we review his work on early development of the mouse and placentation in the great apes.Selenka was intrigued by germ layer theory, which led him to study inversion of the germ layers in the mouse and other rodents. He found it was growth of the ectoplacental cone that caused...
The combined intake of folic acid (FA) from prenatal multivitamin supplements and fortified foods can result in FA intake values that exceed the tolerable upper intake level (UL). It is unclear what impact FA intake above the UL may have on the feto-placental unit. Our objective was to determine the effects of increasing concentrations of FA on trophoblast health and function in vitro.Two human placental...
During the first trimester, normal placental development occurs in a low oxygen environment that is known to stimulate angiogenesis via upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Expression of the placental renin–angiotensin system (RAS) is highest in early pregnancy. While the RAS and oxygen both stimulate angiogenesis, how they interact within the placenta is unknown. We postulated...
The prorenin receptor ((P)RR) contributes to the regulation of the tissue renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and the function of V-ATPase, which are essential for Wnt signaling. Thus, (P)RRs may be involved in the control both of feto-placental and maternal circulation during pregnancy. This study was conducted to clarify how placental (P)RR expression and plasma soluble (P)RR [s(P)RR] levels are associated...
Glucocorticoid-induced fetal programming has been associated with negative metabolic and cardiovascular sequelae in the adult. The placental enzyme 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11β-HSD2) shields the fetus from maternal glucocorticoid excess by catalyzing the conversion of these hormones into biologically inactive derivatives. In vivo experiments addressing placental barrier function...
We aimed at developing a method to recover trophoblastic cells from the cervix through a completely non-invasive approach and obtaining a genetic proof of their fetal nature implying that they can be used for non-invasive prenatal diagnosis (NIPD).We studied obstetrical samples from 21 pregnant women between 8 and 12 weeks of gestation scheduled for chorionic villus sampling or undergoing elective...
Pre-eclampsia is a complex pregnancy-specific hypertensive syndrome, and it is a leading cause of maternal and neonatal death worldwide. We aimed to evaluate the associations between polymorphisms of IL-27 gene and pre-eclampsia susceptibility in Han Chinese women.663 pregnant women were enrolled in a case-control study (212 cases and 451 normal pregnancies). The rs153109 and rs17855750 variants were...
Do monochorionic (MC) and/or dichorionic (DC) twins show allometric scaling between placental and birth weight (PW, BW)?We extracted BW, PW, gestational age (GA) and cord insertion type from 52 MC to 310 DC twins to calculate β. DC twins were analyzed as summed and as individuals if placentas were separate.Mean β for MC (0.78 ± 0.02), DC summed (0.78 ± 0.02), and DC with separate placentas (0.77 ± 0...
Acute atherosis (AA) of the uteroplacental spiral arteries has been characterised by subendothelial lipid-laden foam cells, perivascular leukocyte infiltrates (PVI) and fibrinoid necrosis. Because precise diagnostic criteria are not available for comparative research studies we developed and tested new simplified criteria based on 237 cases.Decidual basalis samples were collected by vacuum suction...
Trophoblast invasion establishes adequate blood flow between mother and fetus in early placental development. However, little is known about the cis-regulatory mechanisms underlying this important process. We aimed to identify enhancer elements that are active during trophoblast invasion, and build a trophoblast invasion gene-enhancer network.We carried out ChIP-Seq for an enhancer-associated mark...
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